Strategic Decision Making Essay - 1925 Words

Strategic Decision Making (Essay Sample) Content: StrategicName:Professor:InstitutionStrategicIntroductionStrategic decision making is a fundamental skill that is essential for any successful executive. The decisions that are made at strategic level are often challenging and therefore require a lot of resources to be pulled together. Organizations often consider keenly the immediate surroundings; the political system influences how decisions will be made in the organization. Strategic decision making lies primarily on the strategy making. Typically the strategic decision making are put in place to increase the focus towards expanding the organization relevance.PurposeThe essay will discuss critically and analyze the statement of the essay pointing out various situations and relating them with the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold.' Additionally, the strategic decisions, how the strategies are made and the things that bring out sound decisions based on the strategies.Content and analysisAccording to the book, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold,' Tett (2010) illustrates the situation in which the concerned organization faced. The strategic decisions taken by JP Morgan points at the economic, financial crisis that resulted from the decision to take invented credit deviates which, were meant to be beneficial to the banks and the economy at large. Political system influences the decisions of the firm, Based on the book by Tett; it is apparent that the economic failure of the banks resulted from the poor use of instruments in mapping out the efficiency of the banks (Tett, 2010). Arguably, the manipulation received from outside; especially competing firms took risks that led to a near collapse of the financial system. Similarly, it is vital to note that bonding of ideas and resources brought a new kind of financial alchemy which ignited a revolution in the banking sector and showed how the revolution fell out of control.It is further vital to argue that strategic decision making is an all involving activity. For an organization to have a smooth undertaking of its tasks, the team leaders and supervisors show a keen observation of strategic technics in addressing the concerns of the organization. Decision-making process, therefore, is at the heart of the functions of the organization. The book analysis point out that JP Morgan knew that the credit worthiness of Exxon but the bank denied the bank the credit (Tett, 2010). Critically, the deeper perspective of the action shows that JP Morgan bank looked beyond the creditability of the Exxon. Exxon would need to have a large capital reserve which would generate little profit. Therefore, they were denied the loan. The competitive advantage enjoyed by JPM shows that the bank profitability exceeded that of the average profits of all other firms. In order to sustain the market dominance required the intervention of adopting working strategies is essential (Cyert Williams, 1993). For example, the introduction of pivotal innovation dubbed à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‹Å"Bistro' (Broad Index Secured Trust Offering). Arguably, the paradigm concerns various assumptions taken and the controversies which are no longer controversial, but rather instrumental.The realistic view of the strategic decision making and decision making itself involves a normative implication especially desired by the profit-seeking companies. According to the literature concerning decision making, Eisenhardt Zbaracki (1992) argues that strategic decision making shows the commitment of the resources or precedents set that will help in the zoning the infrequent decisions made. The synthesis of the theory point at the empirical support on the concurring debates.It is clear that the progress in the organization is highlighted by the comprehension of the strategic decision making. People are rational; however, they are not focused. Additionally, it is vital to note that the political system and perspective gives a compelling description of strategic decision making. An op portune time to take the chance of making the organization goals realized. Based on the book by Tett, the structure of the investment vehicles highlights the strategic making scenario. Just as Bistro helped in making the business gain a tentative activity in transferring the credit to the outside parties, which totaled to $9.7 billion in which JP Morgan had made to all the 307 companies.Decision making is all together crucial in making a strategic strategy work. The CDO (collateralized debt obligation) was an influential scheme. According to the financial perspectives, using the cost-benefit analysis tool, human beings depicted rationality and bounded rationality that influences the decisions on strategies.The financial gizmos and Machinations presented in the book highlight the challenges in securing the sector since there is difficulty in making ideal strategies. JP Morgan was responsible for the change of credit default swap responsible for the marketization. Critically, the str ategic implication depicts the essence of taking the lead in ensuring that the suggested and agreed strategies are put in place to ensure that smooth flow of the organization. As argued by Bourgeois (1988), it is paramount to make fast strategic decisions process especially at high-velocity environment. For example, in the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold,' JPMorgan did their best in the innovation and avoidance of disasters, they were responsible and prudent like the bad apples which were at most of the other banks.Complexity theorists Stacey (1995) have however argued that the performance of an organization is a collective form in which it is not based on the single decision, but the long-term outcome based on the entire history. Comprehensiveness measures the extent to which the alternatives are being sought. Similarly, crucial positive links between firm's performance and comprehensiveness are generated in a meta-analysis of the effective planning and strategy making process (Eis enhardt Zbaracki, 1992). The decisions taken indicate the extent in which long term opportunities are generated to curb the threats in the environment. Relating to the book, the industry showed the mandate to deliver quality results but due to the poor strategy generation in making decisions it resulted in the fall of the economy. The financial issues were as a result of poor choice of strategies. Effective strategies that guide organizations concerns proper planning and discussion of ideas in order to come up with effective strategies that would guide in decision making process for the prosperity of the organization. Therefore, the success of the organization will be guided along the strategies set by its management and experts.It is apparent, therefore, that the impact that sound strategies enacted will give a better result. As pointed in real life situation, many organizations fail to realize their ultimate goal. It is most contributed by the strategic management panel who fail to consider the tools that are instrumental in strategy setting. The book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold' shows the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Morgan mafia' had zeroed in an idea that would accept default swaps. JPM crew made the idea of interest rate swap work. The motivation behind the strategic decision made was the need to have goals of greater rents and attacking regulations rather than having a mere à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"market.'The strategic modeling that took place after Chase Manhattan bought JPM in 2000 showed the modeling that was purposely meant for rebranding. Analytically, the new environment shows that the organization has undertaken changes concerning the strategic decisions. For example, the team members focus on the political leveraging in risk insurance in an aim to have a deregulatory lobbying. The robust framework in the analysis decisions remains the sole role of the management of the organization. The behavioral skills in support for strategic decisions and become alert on the systematic cognitive biases. Therefore, the need to have a clear set up of strategies.The argument of several economists takes readers behind the sights to the central sanctums of exclusive finance. The JPM bank illustrates a detailed, inclusive venerability of an investment bank. Tett argues that elites in several societies tend to maintain power not merely by gathering wealth but by domination of ideologies as well as deciding on things to discuss, analyze and things to avoid (Tett, 2010). As described by James Meek, 2009 the social silence surrounding the explosion of derivatives and wealth influenced by banking cadre, targeted to reinforce and construct a new power configuration and encouraged financiers to perceive their ventures as detached from the rest of the society.Tett continues to point out that, lack of holistic visualization of finance results to terrible consequences. The most disastrous of which have been the trap of families and individuals who had never heard of or embraced CDO (collateralized debt obligation) or an SIV (structured investment vehicle), but are currently suffering from the loss of savings. The book, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold' gives an in-depth description of how small group of bankers at JP Morgan designed the techniques that are pointed to be the source of exacerbating the financial crisis. Nevertheless, JP Morgan embraced strategic decision making in inventing credit derivatives which were meant to be advantageous to the economy especially to the banking system. Banking sector like any other sector is faced with challenges and competitions. Despite the fact that JP Morgan bank invented strategic tools to make banking more efficient, the tools were manipulated by other firms to almost cause collapse and undo risks of the financial system.As a matter of fact strategic decision-making is at the central of strategy making with decisions being the key to proper strategy. It is argued that there are several factors stimulating the q... Strategic Decision Making Essay - 1925 Words Strategic Decision Making (Essay Sample) Content: StrategicName:Professor:InstitutionStrategicIntroductionStrategic decision making is a fundamental skill that is essential for any successful executive. The decisions that are made at strategic level are often challenging and therefore require a lot of resources to be pulled together. Organizations often consider keenly the immediate surroundings; the political system influences how decisions will be made in the organization. Strategic decision making lies primarily on the strategy making. Typically the strategic decision making are put in place to increase the focus towards expanding the organization relevance.PurposeThe essay will discuss critically and analyze the statement of the essay pointing out various situations and relating them with the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold.' Additionally, the strategic decisions, how the strategies are made and the things that bring out sound decisions based on the strategies.Content and analysisAccording to the book, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold,' Tett (2010) illustrates the situation in which the concerned organization faced. The strategic decisions taken by JP Morgan points at the economic, financial crisis that resulted from the decision to take invented credit deviates which, were meant to be beneficial to the banks and the economy at large. Political system influences the decisions of the firm, Based on the book by Tett; it is apparent that the economic failure of the banks resulted from the poor use of instruments in mapping out the efficiency of the banks (Tett, 2010). Arguably, the manipulation received from outside; especially competing firms took risks that led to a near collapse of the financial system. Similarly, it is vital to note that bonding of ideas and resources brought a new kind of financial alchemy which ignited a revolution in the banking sector and showed how the revolution fell out of control.It is further vital to argue that strategic decision making is an all involving activity. For an organization to have a smooth undertaking of its tasks, the team leaders and supervisors show a keen observation of strategic technics in addressing the concerns of the organization. Decision-making process, therefore, is at the heart of the functions of the organization. The book analysis point out that JP Morgan knew that the credit worthiness of Exxon but the bank denied the bank the credit (Tett, 2010). Critically, the deeper perspective of the action shows that JP Morgan bank looked beyond the creditability of the Exxon. Exxon would need to have a large capital reserve which would generate little profit. Therefore, they were denied the loan. The competitive advantage enjoyed by JPM shows that the bank profitability exceeded that of the average profits of all other firms. In order to sustain the market dominance required the intervention of adopting working strategies is essential (Cyert Williams, 1993). For example, the introduction of pivotal innovation dubbed à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‹Å"Bistro' (Broad Index Secured Trust Offering). Arguably, the paradigm concerns various assumptions taken and the controversies which are no longer controversial, but rather instrumental.The realistic view of the strategic decision making and decision making itself involves a normative implication especially desired by the profit-seeking companies. According to the literature concerning decision making, Eisenhardt Zbaracki (1992) argues that strategic decision making shows the commitment of the resources or precedents set that will help in the zoning the infrequent decisions made. The synthesis of the theory point at the empirical support on the concurring debates.It is clear that the progress in the organization is highlighted by the comprehension of the strategic decision making. People are rational; however, they are not focused. Additionally, it is vital to note that the political system and perspective gives a compelling description of strategic decision making. An op portune time to take the chance of making the organization goals realized. Based on the book by Tett, the structure of the investment vehicles highlights the strategic making scenario. Just as Bistro helped in making the business gain a tentative activity in transferring the credit to the outside parties, which totaled to $9.7 billion in which JP Morgan had made to all the 307 companies.Decision making is all together crucial in making a strategic strategy work. The CDO (collateralized debt obligation) was an influential scheme. According to the financial perspectives, using the cost-benefit analysis tool, human beings depicted rationality and bounded rationality that influences the decisions on strategies.The financial gizmos and Machinations presented in the book highlight the challenges in securing the sector since there is difficulty in making ideal strategies. JP Morgan was responsible for the change of credit default swap responsible for the marketization. Critically, the str ategic implication depicts the essence of taking the lead in ensuring that the suggested and agreed strategies are put in place to ensure that smooth flow of the organization. As argued by Bourgeois (1988), it is paramount to make fast strategic decisions process especially at high-velocity environment. For example, in the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold,' JPMorgan did their best in the innovation and avoidance of disasters, they were responsible and prudent like the bad apples which were at most of the other banks.Complexity theorists Stacey (1995) have however argued that the performance of an organization is a collective form in which it is not based on the single decision, but the long-term outcome based on the entire history. Comprehensiveness measures the extent to which the alternatives are being sought. Similarly, crucial positive links between firm's performance and comprehensiveness are generated in a meta-analysis of the effective planning and strategy making process (Eis enhardt Zbaracki, 1992). The decisions taken indicate the extent in which long term opportunities are generated to curb the threats in the environment. Relating to the book, the industry showed the mandate to deliver quality results but due to the poor strategy generation in making decisions it resulted in the fall of the economy. The financial issues were as a result of poor choice of strategies. Effective strategies that guide organizations concerns proper planning and discussion of ideas in order to come up with effective strategies that would guide in decision making process for the prosperity of the organization. Therefore, the success of the organization will be guided along the strategies set by its management and experts.It is apparent, therefore, that the impact that sound strategies enacted will give a better result. As pointed in real life situation, many organizations fail to realize their ultimate goal. It is most contributed by the strategic management panel who fail to consider the tools that are instrumental in strategy setting. The book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold' shows the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Morgan mafia' had zeroed in an idea that would accept default swaps. JPM crew made the idea of interest rate swap work. The motivation behind the strategic decision made was the need to have goals of greater rents and attacking regulations rather than having a mere à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"market.'The strategic modeling that took place after Chase Manhattan bought JPM in 2000 showed the modeling that was purposely meant for rebranding. Analytically, the new environment shows that the organization has undertaken changes concerning the strategic decisions. For example, the team members focus on the political leveraging in risk insurance in an aim to have a deregulatory lobbying. The robust framework in the analysis decisions remains the sole role of the management of the organization. The behavioral skills in support for strategic decisions and become alert on the systematic cognitive biases. Therefore, the need to have a clear set up of strategies.The argument of several economists takes readers behind the sights to the central sanctums of exclusive finance. The JPM bank illustrates a detailed, inclusive venerability of an investment bank. Tett argues that elites in several societies tend to maintain power not merely by gathering wealth but by domination of ideologies as well as deciding on things to discuss, analyze and things to avoid (Tett, 2010). As described by James Meek, 2009 the social silence surrounding the explosion of derivatives and wealth influenced by banking cadre, targeted to reinforce and construct a new power configuration and encouraged financiers to perceive their ventures as detached from the rest of the society.Tett continues to point out that, lack of holistic visualization of finance results to terrible consequences. The most disastrous of which have been the trap of families and individuals who had never heard of or embraced CDO (collateralized debt obligation) or an SIV (structured investment vehicle), but are currently suffering from the loss of savings. The book, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fool's Gold' gives an in-depth description of how small group of bankers at JP Morgan designed the techniques that are pointed to be the source of exacerbating the financial crisis. Nevertheless, JP Morgan embraced strategic decision making in inventing credit derivatives which were meant to be advantageous to the economy especially to the banking system. Banking sector like any other sector is faced with challenges and competitions. Despite the fact that JP Morgan bank invented strategic tools to make banking more efficient, the tools were manipulated by other firms to almost cause collapse and undo risks of the financial system.As a matter of fact strategic decision-making is at the central of strategy making with decisions being the key to proper strategy. It is argued that there are several factors stimulating the q...

Dramatism in Composition Definition and Discussion

The Rights Of Minority Rights - 2011 Words

The founding fathers feared that setting up a democracy where the power is all in the hands of the majority would allow the majority to take control over everyone else in the country. This would directly cause a denial of rights of minorities. Thomas Jefferson said in his inaugural address, â€Å"All, too, will bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would be oppression†(1). Although defying majority rule may anger the people the government s most important duty is to protect minority rights rather than following majority rule. The worst result that could occur would be to deny minority rights because of a lack of government protection. Although a democracy is focused on majority rule the rights of the minorities must not be ignored. A principle of democracy is that everyone receives equal opportunities in order to fight to become the majority. By protecting minority rights we are protecting the individual. Our government was set up giving rights to every person so that everyone can have an equal opportunity. For example the right to freedom of speech gives minority groups the opportunity to voice their complaints and cause a positive change from the government. If minorities are not given the right to voice their opinion and fight to become a majority they will never be on an equalShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Minority Rights826 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rights of the minority groups. Some minority rights seem to conflict with liberal rights, for an example forcing women to stay home. (Freedman, 30 October 2017). 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Management Decision Model and Financial Management

Question: Justify the role of financial management in case of different projects and different situations? Answer: Introduction Financial management is the backbone for every organizations and individuals. It can be inferred that there are several methods of financial management that helps an organization to measure and monitor their financial structure effectively. This assignment will throw light upon the multiple capital budgeting tools and its several advantages and disadvantages. Apart from this, the assignment will also evaluate the appropriateness of cash management system and calculation of income of the financial sector of the organization will be evaluated. Part 1: The total receipts or collections of the organization Normas Cat Food is given as 5 million. It is also given that the new system of the organization will minimize the total collection period by 2.5 days and total period of disbursement will be maximized by 0.5 days or half days. The total difference between cash between collection and disbursements is coming as $2million. The total number of days is coming as three days. Therefore, the amount of freed-up finds is coming to be as $6million * 360/3 = $720 million per year. In the given case, the number of days is taken to be 360 in the year. The total amount of earnings is coming to be as 8 percent of the amount of freed-up finds which is equal to $57.6 million. If the new system worth $80000 is installed, then the expected return can be expected as $57.6 million- 80000 = $5.68 million. This is mainly because the total amount of incomes and freed-up amount is expected to be more than the amount of costs of the new machine. Part 2 There are quite a few capital budgeting techniques that can measure the feasibility of the project effectively. These are in terms of IRR, Payback and Net present value. It can be further inferred all the given tools and techniques can infer different values and conclusions towards a given project. The conflicting situation may arise due to the size of the given project effectively. Before accepting the feasibility of the given project, the financial manager and financial analyst of the project is required to calculate all the techniques with reference to capital budgeting. To analyze and implement the correct decision of the project, it is important to know the merits and demerits of the given capita budgeting techniques. Advantages of NPV The biggest advantage of net present value is that it helps to interpret the future value of the given project. It is based on the time value of money concept and also helps to find the suitability and feasibility of the given project. It is a cost effective method and can be implement in a simple manner. Another merit of the given method is that future amount of the given cash flows of the organization can be interpreted with the help of this method. The risk of the project can also be estimated with the given project (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2014) Disadvantages of NPV The biggest disadvantage of the method of Net Present value is that this method of capital budgeting totally ignores the size of the given project. In case of mutual exclusive projects, this method of capital budgeting can interpret wrong justifications in comparison to other methods of capital budgeting like IRR and payback period. In addition to this, the total amount and rate of cost of capital is assumed in this method of capital budgeting. IRR: Merits and Demerits The merit of this tool of capital budgeting is that it helps to interpret the value of investment in comparison with the rate of return of the project. It takes into consideration about all cash flows, risks and total time value of money of the project. It also considers the rate of cost of capital of a given project. These are the biggest merit of this method of capital budgeting. In terms of demerits, in case of change of discounting rate of cash flows, the organization may not evaluate the feasibility of the project through this method of IRR. A given project may also have more than 1 rate of returns. Therefore, it is another demerit of the given tool of capital budgeting method. Payback period (Pros and Cons) The advantage of the method of payback period is that it is extremely easier to calculate and it also helps to measure the liquidity of any given project. In addition to this, the risks and variances of the project can also be measured with the help of tools and technique of payback period method of capital budgeting. This method totally ignores the value of the given project or percentage of increase or decrease of the given project. This is one of the demerits of the given tool of capital budgeting. This method totally nullifies the measurement of time value of money and only takes into account about the period in which the total capital will be incurred with the given period of time. These are biggest disadvantage of this tool (Brigham Houston, 2004) From the above analysis, it can be deduced that since the results and interpretation of NPV is opposing and conflicting with the analysis of IRR and payback period, the projects can be considered as mutual exclusive projects. Net present value do not considers the size of any given project. In the given case, the project of the large corporation can be considered as huge and it is ignored by NPV. Therefore, the financial analyst of the project is required to accept the project as per the capital budgeting tools of IRR and payback period. Conclusion From the above analysis, the role of financial management in case of different projects and different situations has been justified. All the techniques of capital budgeting and financial management have been interpreted effectively. References Brigham, E., Ehrhardt, M. (2014). Financial management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Brigham, E., Houston, J. (2004). Fundamentals of financial management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.